The main physical properties of water that produce biologic effects are:

Density

Buoyancy

Viscosity

Hydrostatic Pressure

Thermal properties

Cardiac

Respiratory

Muscle and Bone

Kidney

Neurologic

1. ★Lowers blood pressure
   

2. ★Increases cardiac volume
   

3. ★Increases stroke volume
   

4. ★Increases cardiac output
   

5. ★Improves ejection fraction
   

6. ★Decreases peripheral vascular resistance
   

1. ★Increases intrathoracic blood volume
   

2. ★Slightly decreases thoracic size
   

3. ★Increases work of breathing
   

4. ★Can work to strengthen muscles of respiration
   

1. ★Offloads bones and joints
   

2. ★Increases muscle blood flow
   

3. ★May increase bone blood flow
   

4. ★May increase synovial fluid production

1. ★Increases renal blood flow
   

2. ★Alters renal hormones
   

3. ★Increases renal efficiency
   

4. ★Promotes sodium excretion
   

5. ★Increases diuresis

1. ★Increases brain blood flow
   

2. ★Promotes relaxation
   

3. ★May improve balance
   

4. ★May improve sleep patterns